What is an API key and why might it matter?¶
An API key is a credential used by software to identify itself when connecting to a cloud service or application interface.
It may allow a script, application or device to request data or perform actions without an ordinary user logging in.
What this means in practice¶
Keys can be embedded in software, stored in configuration files, shared between systems or exposed accidentally. If copied or stolen, they may allow unauthorised access from another device or location.
The permissions vary. Some keys allow only limited reading. Others may allow data creation, modification, deletion or administrative actions.
When investigating API activity, identify who created the key, which system was supposed to use it, what permissions it had, where it was stored and whether it was rotated or revoked.
A key may remain valid after a user password changes because it is a separate credential.
What this does not show on its own¶
The dangerous assumption is that an API key identifies the person using it.
An API key normally identifies an application, project, customer or technical integration. It may not identify the individual operator behind each request.
Provider logs may record the key identifier, application, project, time, IP address, requested operation and outcome. They may not record the secret key itself.
Do not attempt to test or use a recovered live API key without lawful authority and specialist support. Doing so may alter data, trigger alerts or create new evidence.
What to do next¶
Compare the recorded requests with expected application behaviour. Sudden use from an unfamiliar network, unusual volume or actions outside the normal purpose may indicate compromise.
Key takeaway
An API key identifies a technical access route, not necessarily a person, so trace its owner, permissions, storage and actual use before attributing the activity.