I have found a mobile device that may be relevant
Record the device and its current state before deciding whether to interact with it. The handset, SIM, telephone number, accounts, apps and person using them are connected propositions, not one identity.
Start with what needs doing now
Use this route to protect access and volatile evidence while making a deliberate decision about power, lock state, connectivity and handling.
Move from the device's observed state to proportionate preservation, service records, extraction questions and careful attribution.
Reference MDA-000Protect accessShould I leave an unlocked phone unlocked?Balance continued access against interaction, remote change, power loss and the evidence created by handling.
Reference MDA-013SpeedWhich mobile evidence may disappear quickly?Identify volatile device, application, account and provider records while they may still be available.
Reference MDA-121Understand the evidence and the offender method
Use this route to understand what a mobile device stores and how a separate offender method creates evidence across a handset, SIMs and services.
Separate locally stored data, application material, account records and synchronised cloud content.
Reference MDA-003Separate offender exampleDodgy Dave gives one phone three SIMs and calls it three businessesSee a counterfeit-goods operation create distinct device, SIM, number, account and communication records.
Reference MDA-127Go directly to the issue you need to resolve
Understand which object each record identifies before joining them.
Reference MDA-005IsolationCould isolating the device cause evidence loss?Consider synchronisation, remote access, network state and service behaviour.
Reference MDA-018AttributionWho actually used the device?Test possession and account records against usage, communications and context.
Reference MDA-031Deleted materialCould a deleted app message remain elsewhere?Look across the device, linked devices, cloud services and provider records.
Reference MDA-058Browse every Mobile devices and apps guidance page
The complete reference library remains available when you need a narrower question.- A mobile device may be relevant to my investigation - where do I start?
- What counts as a mobile device?
- What is the difference between a mobile phone, smartphone and tablet?
- What is actually stored on a mobile device?
- What evidence may exist outside the physical device?
- What is the difference between the device, the phone number and the user account?
- What is the difference between a handset, SIM, eSIM and mobile subscription?
- What identifiers might I find on a mobile device?
- What is an IMEI and what can it tell me?
- What is an IMSI and what can it tell me?
- What is an ICCID and what can it tell me?
- I have found a mobile device - what should I record immediately?
- Should I switch the device off?
- Should I leave an unlocked phone unlocked?
- What should I do if the phone is locked?
- What should I do if the device is displaying notifications?
- Should I put the device into airplane mode?
- Should I remove the SIM card?
- Could isolating a device cause evidence to be lost?
- Could leaving a device connected cause evidence to change?
- What should I do if the battery is running low?
- What should I preserve from the lock screen?
- What should I record about the device’s physical condition?
- What should I do if the device appears damaged or wet?
- What should I do if I find several linked devices together?
- Does finding a phone with somebody prove it belongs to them?
- Does the registered subscriber identify the person using the phone?
- Can several people use the same mobile device?
- Can one person use several mobile devices?
- Can a device be controlled remotely?
- Could the phone have been lost, stolen or borrowed?
- What evidence helps identify who actually used the device?
- Can a passcode or biometric unlock identify the user?
- Does a saved account prove who used the device?
- Does a contact name prove who owns a telephone number?
- What is a mobile operating system?
- What is the practical difference between Android and iPhone evidence?
- Why does the device model and operating-system version matter?
- What is device encryption?
- What happens to evidence when a device restarts?
- What is the difference between a device being locked, encrypted and powered off?
- What does rooting or jailbreaking mean?
- Could rooting or jailbreaking affect the reliability of the device?
- What is a factory reset and what does it remove?
- Can data remain after a factory reset?
- What is a mobile application actually doing?
- What is the difference between an app and an app account?
- Does deleting an app delete the account?
- Does deleting an app delete its data?
- Can the same app account be used on several devices?
- Can several accounts be used in the same app?
- What evidence might an app store locally?
- What evidence might the app provider hold?
- What is cached app data?
- What are app permissions and why do they matter?
- What can an app learn about the device?
- Can an app run or communicate in the background?
- Could an app create records without the user opening it?
- Could deleting a message from an app leave evidence elsewhere?
- Could app content differ between the device and the provider?
- What is a mobile cloud account?
- What is the difference between the device account and an individual app account?
- What is a mobile-device backup?
- What might be stored in an iCloud or Google backup?
- Does a cloud backup contain everything from the device?
- Could evidence exist in the cloud but not on the phone?
- Could evidence exist on the phone but not in the cloud?
- What does synchronisation mean?
- Can deleting something on one device delete it from other devices?
- What are linked or trusted devices?
- What records might the mobile-account provider hold?
- What is the difference between an SMS, MMS and app message?
- Does a message on a phone prove who sent it?
- Does a sent-message record prove the recipient received it?
- Does a delivered status prove the message was read?
- Does a read receipt prove a person read the message?
- Can messages be sent automatically?
- Can messages be edited or deleted after sending?
- What does end-to-end encryption mean for an investigator?
- Can an encrypted messaging provider still hold useful records?
- Does a contact entry identify the real person behind it?
- What does a mobile call record actually prove?
- Does a call log prove the call connected?
- Does the phone number identify the caller?
- Can a mobile number be spoofed?
- What is number porting?
- What is SIM swapping?
- Can a telephone number move between devices and networks?
- What records might a mobile-network provider hold?
- What is cell-site data?
- Does cell-site data identify the phone’s exact location?
- What types of location evidence may exist on a mobile device?
- What is the difference between GPS, Wi-Fi and cell-site location?
- Does a location record prove the user was there?
- Could location data be inaccurate?
- Could an app record location in the background?
- What is location history?
- Can location settings be switched off?
- Could location data be altered or spoofed?
- What evidence should corroborate a mobile location record?
- What can a photograph on a mobile device prove?
- What metadata might a mobile photograph contain?
- Does photograph metadata prove where the photograph was taken?
- Does a photograph on a phone prove the user took it?
- Could a photograph have arrived through an app or cloud service?
- Can edited photographs retain original evidence?
- What is a screenshot and what can it prove?
- Does a screenshot prove that the displayed event happened?
- What evidence might exist for deleted photographs or videos?
- Does mobile browser history prove who visited a website?
- Does a search record prove what the user intended?
- Could a browser or app create history automatically?
- What is private or incognito browsing?
- Does private browsing leave no evidence?
- What evidence might a mobile keyboard retain?
- What are notifications and what can they reveal?
- What are application usage records?
- Can screen-time or usage records show which apps were used?
- What should I ask the mobile-network provider for?
- What should I ask an app provider for?
- What should I ask the device-account provider for?
- Which mobile evidence is most likely to disappear quickly?
- How do I distinguish device evidence from provider evidence?
- How do I build a mobile-device attribution investigation?
- How do I link a device, account, number and person?
- When should I seek specialist support for a mobile-device enquiry?
- When is a mobile-device line of enquiry worth pursuing?
- Dodgy Dave gives one phone three SIMs and calls it three businesses