Can location settings be switched off?¶

Yes. Device-wide and app-specific settings can deny, limit, approximate or time-bound location access.

One setting does not stop every source¶

Mobile networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, network addresses, photographs, payments and older stored points can still provide location evidence. Apps may retain data collected before a change, and systems may record permission changes.

Make the assessment time-specific¶

Preserve relevant settings, permission history and app behaviour without changing them. Compare alternative sources around the event. Missing GPS does not show the device was absent, while some points do not show location was continuously enabled.