What evidence should corroborate a mobile location record?¶

Use independent technical and real-world sources that test both the location and who controlled the device at the time.

Seek genuinely independent observations¶

Cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, network addresses, photo metadata, maps and vehicle records can support or challenge position. Two apps using the same operating-system estimate are not two independent measurements.

Connect device to person¶

CCTV, witnesses, travel, payments, access control, work records and communications can corroborate movement and possession. Align time zones, device clocks and sync delay. Preserve conflicts and investigate them rather than making every source agree.