Does photograph metadata prove where the photograph was taken?¶

No. Embedded coordinates support a location hypothesis but can be inaccurate, inherited, edited or based on a stale device position.

Establish metadata provenance¶

Determine whether the camera created the field and whether copying or editing changed it. An image can retain original coordinates after arriving on another phone. Preserve the original file, accuracy, timestamp, model and software history.

Corroborate the depicted place¶

Compare landmarks, weather, shadows, image sequence, CCTV, travel, Wi-Fi, cell sites and witnesses. Decimal precision is not proof of accuracy.