Does private browsing leave no evidence?¶

No. It can suppress routine local history while downloads, open tabs, accounts, network records and other device artefacts remain.

Evidence depends on session and timing¶

A live session can retain tabs and memory. After closure, files, bookmarks, screenshots, keyboards, notifications and system logs may survive. Signed-in services can hold provider activity, while DNS and network systems may record connections.

Broaden without promising recovery¶

Identify browser, version, device state and whether the session remained open. Compare accounts, linked devices, provider returns and network evidence. Missing standard history is a limitation, not proof that browsing did not happen; private-session content may still be unrecoverable.