What is the difference between shared hosting, a VPS and a dedicated server?¶
The models differ in how much of the system the customer controls and where useful evidence is likely to exist.
Shared hosting¶
Many customers use a provider-managed environment. The customer may control only website files, databases and account settings. The provider may hold detailed platform and publishing records.
Virtual private server¶
The customer rents a virtual server and usually has greater control over software, services and administrator accounts. The provider may mainly hold billing, assignment and infrastructure records, while useful website logs sit inside the VPS.
Dedicated server¶
The customer rents an entire physical machine and may have extensive control. The provider may hold customer and network-assignment records but have limited visibility of stored content and activity.
Greater control does not prove personal responsibility. Developers, employees and contractors may administer the service; credentials may be shared; systems may be compromised; and resellers may sit between provider and user.
Key takeaway
Use the hosting model to identify likely evidence holders and the need for specialist examination. None of the models identifies the operator on its own.